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Private Limited Company

A Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) is the most popular business structure in India, especially for startups and growing businesses. It provides limited liability to shareholders, a separate legal identity, and better credibility with investors, banks, and clients. Governed under the Companies Act, 2013 and regulated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), a Private Limited Company requires at least two directors and two shareholders. It offers perpetual succession and allows easy fundraising through equity.

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MOA & AOA Drafting
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Digital Signature Certificate 2 Years Validity (2 Persons)
Name Approval
GST Registration
Company PAN+TAN
Incorporation Certificate & CIN
File Commencement of Business form
Open a Business Bank Account
Appoint First Auditor of the Company
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PF & ESIC Registration
Incorporation Fees Authorised Capital Of Rs.1 Lakhs
share certificate

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MOA & AOA Drafting
All Filing Fees Included
Digital Signature Certificate 2 Years Validity (2 Persons)
Incorporation Fees Authorised Capital Of Rs.1 Lakhs
Name Approval
Company PAN+TAN
GST Registration
Incorporation Certificate & CIN
PF & ESIC Registration
Statutory Registers and Records
Share Certificate
File Commencement of Business form
Open a Business Bank Account
Appoint First Auditor of the Company
Lifetime expert support

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Commencement of Business Certificate (COB)
Appointment of Auditor and Filing E-form ADT-1
Holding Board Meetings
Conducting the Annual General Meeting (AGM)
INC-20A: Declaration for Commencement of Business
AOC-4: Filing of Financial Statements
MGT-7A: Annual Returns for Small Companies/OPCs
DIR-12: Appointment/Resignation of Directors
DIR-3 KYC: Director KYC Submission
MGT-14: Filing of Board Resolutions
DPT-3: Return of Deposits
Directors’ Report
Maintenance of Statutory Registers and Books of Accounts
Circulation of Financial Statements and Other Documents
GST Registration
income tax filing and audit

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Companies Act, 2013 (India)

Private Limited Companies in India are incorporated and governed under the Companies Act, 2013 and administered by the Registrar of Companies (ROC) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Compliance requirements include filing annual returns, maintaining statutory registers, conducting board/general meetings, and filing financial statements.

A Private Limited Company is a corporate structure that offers limited liability protection to its shareholders while giving it a separate legal identity. It can enter contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in its own name. This structure is ideal for businesses that want to grow, raise funding, and build credibility while ensuring that personal assets of shareholders remain protected.

A private limited company is a business entity where ownership is restricted to a small number of shareholders, and shares cannot be publicly traded. Here the shareholder liability is limited to their investment in the company and can have up to 200 shareholders. The shares are not publicly traded. The company’s registration and operations are governed by the Register of Companies (ROC). The directors have to submit their Director Identification Number (DIN) and Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) for incorporation. Documents like the Memorandum of Association (MoA) and Articles of Association (AoA) have to be submitted in the MCA portal. Post registration, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)will provide the incorporation certificate and will display the company’s details on the website.

Limited Liability

Shareholders’ liability is limited to their unpaid share capital only.

Separate Legal Entity

Company exists independently, distinct from its directors and shareholders.

Ease of Raising Capital

Can raise funds from investors through equity and loans.

Perpetual Succession

Company continues despite death, resignation, or transfer of shareholders.

Ownership Transferability

Shares can be transferred easily subject to shareholders’ agreement.

Credibility

Registration improves brand trust with customers, banks, and investors.

Eligibility Criteria

As per MCA guidelines, a private limited company must be registered with at least two directors and shareholders. While stockholders may be either natural people or corporate entities, directors must be people. Additionally, a registered office address in India is mandatory. The following criterias must be met while filing for private limited company registration:

The applicant’s minimum age should be eighteen years old
The applicant must be a citizen or resident of India
There should be between 200 and 300 members
Minimum number of Directors or shareholders must be 2

As per the MCA, a checklist has to be met for registering your company. Here is a clear outline of a checklist for private limited company registration to follow:

At least 2 Directors
Directors and shareholders can be the same person
All the Directors should have DIN and DSC
Have the minimum Authorised share capital
Have the minimum Paid up share capital
Draft and MoA and AoA
Need details of the company working address
NOC and Rental Agreement from the landlord

The following necessary documents are crucial for Private limited company registration in India:

Photographs of directors in passport size
Residential address proof for directors
Photo identification proof for directors
A self-declaration confirming directorship in other companies
Lease/Rent agreement for the registered office
Letter of no objection from the property owner
Aadhaar card
PAN card
Director Identification Number (DIN)
Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
Memorandum of Association (MoA)
Articles of Association (AoA)

Types of Private Limited Company

In India, private limited businesses are differentiated into different types based on share distribution and other aspects. Here are 3 different types of PVT ltd Companies:

Companies Limited by Shares

These are the most common types of private limited companies.In this type the company has a share capital. And the liability of the shareholders are capped based on the quantity of unpaid shares.

P.V.T Companies Limited by Guarantee

This type of company does not have a share capital. The firm's members commit to donate a specific sum to the company's assets in the event that the company is wound up.

Unlimited Company

In this type there is no limit on the liability of the members. This type is uncommon as it puts its members at greater risk.

The characteristics of a Private Limited Company include restricted share transfers, a separate legal entity status, and limited responsibility for shareholders. Here is a clear outline of the same:

It is a separate legal entity with a Limited Liability Structure
Property and assets can be owned under the name of the company
Legal Business activity can be conducted under the company name
There is no minimum paid up capital for registering a Private limited company
A private limited company is separate from the shareholders
The shareholders enjoy limited liability with respect to the shares in the company
The total number of shareholders is limited to around 200
Individuals and corporate entities can be shareholders
The Companies Act of 2013 governs the private limited company complaints
The private limited company should file legal requirements like annual financial statements
Registered private limited companies should hold annual general meetings
Shares of the private limited company cannot be traded publicly
Transfer of shares is highly restricted and requires approval of existing shareholders and the board of directors

FAQ's

1. How many directors and shareholders are required for a Private Limited Company?

Minimum 2 directors and 2 shareholders are required.

2. Is there a minimum capital requirement?

No minimum paid-up capital is required after the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015.

3. Can a foreigner be a director in a Private Limited Company?

Yes, but at least one director must be a resident of India.

4. What are the compliance requirements for a Private Limited Company?

Annual filing of financial statements, annual return with ROC, board meetings, and maintenance of statutory registers.

5. Can a Private Limited Company be converted into a Public Company?

Yes, it can be converted by complying with provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

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