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Goods and Services Tax (GST) Return Filing

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Companies Act, 2013 (India)

GST return is a document that will contain all the details of your sales, purchases, tax collected on sales (output tax), and tax paid on purchases (input tax).

GST return filing is the process through which registered taxpayers report their sales, purchases, and tax liabilities to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) authorities. This process is crucial for ensuring compliance with tax laws and maintaining transparency in the tax system. GST returns must be filed periodically, which may be monthly or quarterly, depending on the type of taxpayer and their turnover.

Filing GST returns involves providing detailed information about outward supplies (sales), inward supplies (purchases), and taxes collected and paid. Registered taxpayers must file various returns, including GSTR-1 (sales return), GSTR-3B (monthly summary return), GSTR-2A (auto-generated purchase return), and others, as applicable. Accurate and timely filing of returns is essential to avoid penalties and ensure the smooth functioning of the GST system.

Simplified Tax Structure

GST has replaced multiple indirect taxes (like, service tax, and excise duty), creating a unified tax structure that reduces tax complexities.

Ease of Compliance

GST is mainly filed online, making it convenient and transparent. The GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network) portal allows businesses to manage tax compliance, file returns, and claim refunds with minimal hassle.

Elimination of Cascading Tax

GST removes the "tax on tax" system, reducing the overall tax burden on goods and services. It enables businesses to claim input tax credit on the tax they pay for their inputs, lowering costs.

Increased Efficiency

GST implementation promotes efficiency in logistics, as goods can move freely across state borders without tax barriers, reducing delivery times and expenses.

Better Accounting and Transparency

Regular filing ensures businesses maintain accurate records, providing better insight into cash flows and enhancing transparency in transactions.

Enhanced Credibility

The legal liability of a private limited company's stockholders is restricted. You will be responsible for paying the liabilities of the company as a shareholder to the extent of your contribution. This protects your personal assets to cover the company's debts.

The eligibility criteria for Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration in India generally depend on the nature of the business, turnover, and certain specific conditions. Here’s an outline:

  • Turnover Threshold:

    • Service Providers: Over ₹20 lakh (₹10 lakh in special states).
    • Goods Suppliers: Over ₹40 lakh (₹20 lakh in special states).
  • Interstate Sales: Required for any inter-state supply of goods/services.

  • E-commerce Sellers: Must register regardless of turnover.

  • Casual & Non-Resident Taxable Persons: Must register if operating temporarily or without a fixed place of business.

  • Agents of Suppliers: Required for agents who act on behalf of registered suppliers.

  • Reverse Charge Mechanism: Businesses liable to pay tax under reverse charge must register.

  • Input Service Distributors (ISD): Required to distribute input tax credits.

  • Voluntary Registration: Optional for businesses below threshold to avail benefits.

  • Special Businesses: Includes OIDAR and other cross-border services, which require registration regardless of turnover.

As per the MCA, a checklist has to be met for registering your company. Here is a clear outline of a checklist for private limited company registration to follow:

  • Basic Info: Business name, PAN, contact details.
  • Business Registration Proof: Documents like partnership deed or company registration certificate.
  • Identity & Address Proof:
    • Proprietors/Directors: PAN and Aadhaar/passport.
    • Business Premises: Rental agreement or utility bills.
  • Bank Details: Canceled cheque or bank statement with account and IFSC code.
  • Digital Signature (DSC): Required for companies and LLPs.
  • Photographs: Recent passport-sized for key personnel.
  • Authorization Letter: For designated signatory (companies/LLPs).
  • Additional Docs: Lease/rental agreement if applicable.
  • Business Activities: List of goods/services supplied.

The following necessary documents are crucial for GST Filing in India:

  • PAN Card of business/individual.
  • Proof of Business Registration (e.g., partnership deed, company registration certificate).
  • Identity & Address Proof for promoters/owners (Aadhaar, passport).
  • Address Proof of Business Premises (rental agreement, utility bill).
  • Bank Details (canceled cheque, bank statement with account and IFSC).
  • Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) (for companies and LLPs).
  • Photograph of owners/promoters (passport-sized).
  • Authorization Letter for authorized signatory (if applicable).

Documents necessary for filing SPICe+ form (INC-32) for the registration of a private limited company are outlined as follows:

A. For Indian Nationals serving as directors and subscribers:
  • Affidavit on stamp paper: a declaration by all subscribers affirming their intention to become shareholders of the company
  • Office address proof like the Rental Agreement or Ownership Deed
  • Electricity bill, water bill and other utility bills of the last two months
  • Copy of approval if required
  • Trademark registration details
  • NOC from property owner
  • Proof of identity and address
B. Required Documents For Foreign Nationals serving as directors/Shareholders
  • Passport: Proof of identity
  • Address proof: Accepted documents include a driving license, residence card, bank statement, or government-issued identification with a valid address.

Types of GST Filing

Here are the main Types of GST Filings in India:

GSTR-1

Monthly/quarterly filing of outward supplies (sales) by registered taxpayers. Used to report invoices and sales transactions.

GSTR-2A

Auto-drafted form based on details uploaded by suppliers. Used to verify and claim input tax credit (ITC).

GSTR-3B

In this type there is no limit on the liability of the members. This type is uncommon as it puts its members at greater risk.

GSTR-4

Monthly/quarterly filing of outward supplies (sales) by registered taxpayers. Used to report invoices and sales transactions.

GSTR-5

Filed monthly by non-resident taxable persons for reporting their business transactions in India.

GSTR-6

Filed monthly by Input Service Distributors (ISD) to distribute the input tax credit (ITC) to their branches.

GST return filing is a systematic process that businesses must follow to report their GST transactions and comply with tax regulations. Here are some key characteristics:

  • Periodic Filing: GST returns are filed periodically—monthly, quarterly, or annually, depending on the return type and business turnover.

  • Digital Process: GST returns are filed electronically through the GST portal, simplifying compliance and reducing paperwork.

  • Input Tax Credit (ITC) Mechanism: Through returns like GSTR-3B and GSTR-2A, businesses can claim ITC, offsetting their GST liability against taxes paid on purchases.

  • Compliance with Invoicing Requirements: Proper invoicing with GST-compliant details (like GSTIN, invoice number, tax rate) is essential, as returns rely heavily on accurate invoice data.

  • Auto-Population of Data: Forms like GSTR-2A and GSTR-2B are auto-populated based on suppliers’ filings, reducing manual effort and helping businesses verify input tax credits.

Registering for GST (Goods and Services Tax) in India involves a series of steps through the official GST portal. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

step
  • Prepare Documents: Gather PAN, Aadhaar, business proof, address proof, bank details, photos, and a Digital Signature Certificate (if needed).
  • Visit GST Portal: Go to gst.gov.in and click on Register Now.
  • Part A – Basic Details: Enter business name, PAN, email, and mobile number, and verify with OTPs.
  • Receive TRN: A Temporary Reference Number (TRN) will be generated.
  • Part B – Complete Application: Log in with TRN and provide detailed business info.
  • Upload Documents: Upload necessary documents for verification.
  • Submit Application: Submit using Digital Signature (DSC) or OTP verification (EVC).
  • Receive ARN and Approval: An Application Reference Number (ARN) is generated. If approved, GSTIN will be issued in 3–7 days.

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